No. I've tried with many users, and in all cases:
- They already have an account on Gitlab;
- They don't have an account on Mattermost;
- There is no account on Mattermost with the same email address as the user on Gitlab.
By the way, I also tried to first create a team using the Gitlab account (wondering if could be a problem related to user creation and logging at the same time) and afterwards trying to enter a public Team, but the problem persists. In summary, users logged from Gitlab SSO cannot join public Teams.