Panic: Failed to create index pq: coluna "teamid" does not exist

I suspect you're missing more than just idx_teams_invite_id if you've skipped a bunch of mattermost versions. Anything before 1.0 didn't support upgrade. After 1.0 you need to install every version to make sure it gets upgraded correctly. You can see https://github.com/mattermost/platform/blob/master/doc/install/Upgrade-Guide.md#gitlab-mattermost-upgrade-troubleshooting for more info.